Re-ventriculostomía endoscópica de tercer ventrículo. Análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 13 casos / Re-Do endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Retrospective analysis of 13 patients

Objetivos: La indicación de ventriculostomía endoscópica de tercer ventrículo (VET) en el tratamiento de la hidrocefalia no comunicante está extensamente aceptada. Existe controversia respecto a la indicación de un segundo procedimiento (re-VET) cuando el primero ha fallado. El objetivo de este trabajo es recoger los fallos de VET en una serie propia en los que se realizó re-VET y describir los factores relacionados con su pronóstico.MétodoEstudio retrospectivo de pacientes pediátricos con fallo de VET tratados mediante una re-VET entre 2003 y 2018. Se registró género, edad en primera y segunda VET, tiempo hasta fallo de primera VET, etiología de hidrocefalia, presencia previa de DVP, ETV-SS en primera y segunda VET, hallazgos intraoperatorios, éxito del segundo procedimiento y seguimiento. El resultado de ETV-SS se agrupó en puntuación alta (≥80), moderada (50-70) o baja (≤40). Se consideró fallo de procedimiento endoscópico el deterioro clínico o la ausencia de criterios radiológicos de mejoría (reducción de tamaño ventricular o presencia de artefacto de flujo de VET en área premamilar).ResultadosDe 97 VET realizadas en este periodo, se registraron 47 fallos, llevándose a cabo 13 re-VET. De ellas, 8 fueron clasificadas como éxito (61,53%). La re-VET fue exitosa en 4/4 casos cuya etiología fue tumoración tectal o estenosis de acueducto. En el grupo de alta puntuación ETV-SS hubo mayor porcentaje de éxito (75%) que en el grupo de moderada puntuación (40%). Nueve pacientes presentaban DVP previa a la primera VET y en ellos, el éxito fue del 66,6% frente al 50% en el grupo sin DVP previa. Todas las re-VET se llevaron a cabo sin complicaciones. En 11 de los 13 procedimientos se encontró una membrana premamilar cerrada y en los 2 casos restantes una apertura puntiforme. El seguimiento medio tras re-VET fue de 61,23 meses.ConclusiónLa re-VET es un procedimiento seguro y con una tasa de éxito del 61,5% en nuestra serie...(AU)

Objetives: Indication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in the treatment for noncommunicating hydrocephalus is widely accepted. There is controversy regarding the indication of a second procedure (re-ETV) when the first has failed. The objective of this work is to revise ETV failures in a series in which re-ETV was performed and to describe the factors related to its prognosis.MethodRetrospective study of pediatric patients with ETV failure treated by re-ETV between 2003 and 2018. Gender, age in first and second ETV, time to failure of first ETV, etiology of hydrocephalus, previous presence of shunt, ETV-SS in the first and second ETV, intraoperative findings, success of the second procedure and follow-up were collected. The ETV-SS result was grouped into high (≥80), moderate (50-70) or low (≤40) scores. Endoscopic procedure failure was considered clinical worsening or the absence of radiological criteria for improvement (reduction in ventricular size or presence of ETV flow artifact in the floor of third ventricle).ResultsOf 97 ETV carried out in this period, 47 failures were registered, with 13 re-ETV performed. Of these, 8 were classified as successful (61.53%). Re-ETV was successful in 4/4 cases in which etiology was tectal tumor or aqueduct stenosis. In the group with a high ETV-SS score there was a higher rate of success (75%) than in the group with a moderate score (40%). 9 patients presented shunt prior to first ETV and in them, success was 66.6% compared to 50% in the group without prior shunt. All re-ETV were performed without complications. In 11 of the 13 procedures a closed stoma was found and the remaining 2 cases, we found a punctate opening. The mean follow-up after re-ETV was 61.23 months.ConclusionThe selection of patients for re-VET should be cautious. Factors such as age, etiology, and previous shunt (ETV-SS factors) have prognostic influence. However... (AU)

Re-Do endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Retrospective analysis of 13 patients.

OBJETIVES: Indication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in the treatment for noncommunicating hydrocephalus is widely accepted. There is controversy regarding the indication of a second procedure (re-ETV) when the first has failed. The objective of this work is to revise ETV failures in a series in which re-ETV was performed and to describe the factors related to its prognosis. METHOD: Retrospective study of pediatric patients with ETV failure treated by re-ETV between 2003 and 2018. Gender, age in first and second ETV, time to failure of first ETV, etiology of hydrocephalus, previous presence of shunt, ETV-SS in the first and second ETV, intraoperative findings, success of the second procedure and follow-up were collected. The ETV-SS result was grouped into high (≥ 80), moderate (50-70) or low (≤ 40) scores. Endoscopic procedure failure was considered clinical worsening or the absence of radiological criteria for improvement (reduction in ventricular size or presence of ETV flow artifact in the floor of third ventricle). RESULTS: Of 97 ETV carried out in this period, 47 failures were registered, with 13 re-ETV performed. Of these, 8 were classified as successful (61.53%). Re-ETV was successful in 4/4 cases in which etiology was tectal tumor or aqueduct stenosis. In the group with a high ETV-SS score there was a higher rate of success (75%) than in the group with a moderate score (40%). 9 patients presented shunt prior to first ETV and in them, success was 66.6% compared to 50% in the group without prior shunt. All re-ETV were performed without complications. In 11 of the 13 procedures a closed stoma was found and the remaining 2 cases, we found a punctate opening. The mean follow-up after re-ETV was 61.23 months. CONCLUSION: The selection of patients for re-VET should be cautious. Factors such as age, etiology, and previous shunt (ETV-SS factors) have prognostic influence. However, there are specific factors which indicate favorable prognostic for re-VET such as a longer time to failure of the first procedure, the finding of a closed/punctate stoma or the loss of flow artifact in the follow-up MRI.

Re-Do endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Retrospective analysis of 13 patients. / Re-ventriculostomía endoscópica de tercer ventrículo. Análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 13 casos.

OBJETIVES: Indication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in the treatment for noncommunicating hydrocephalus is widely accepted. There is controversy regarding the indication of a second procedure (re-ETV) when the first has failed. The objective of this work is to revise ETV failures in a series in which re-ETV was performed and to describe the factors related to its prognosis. METHOD: Retrospective study of pediatric patients with ETV failure treated by re-ETV between 2003 and 2018. Gender, age in first and second ETV, time to failure of first ETV, etiology of hydrocephalus, previous presence of shunt, ETV-SS in the first and second ETV, intraoperative findings, success of the second procedure and follow-up were collected. The ETV-SS result was grouped into high (≥80), moderate (50-70) or low (≤40) scores. Endoscopic procedure failure was considered clinical worsening or the absence of radiological criteria for improvement (reduction in ventricular size or presence of ETV flow artifact in the floor of third ventricle). RESULTS: Of 97 ETV carried out in this period, 47 failures were registered, with 13 re-ETV performed. Of these, 8 were classified as successful (61.53%). Re-ETV was successful in 4/4 cases in which etiology was tectal tumor or aqueduct stenosis. In the group with a high ETV-SS score there was a higher rate of success (75%) than in the group with a moderate score (40%). 9 patients presented shunt prior to first ETV and in them, success was 66.6% compared to 50% in the group without prior shunt. All re-ETV were performed without complications. In 11 of the 13 procedures a closed stoma was found and the remaining 2 cases, we found a punctate opening. The mean follow-up after re-ETV was 61.23 months. CONCLUSION: The selection of patients for re-VET should be cautious. Factors such as age, etiology, and previous shunt (ETV-SS factors) have prognostic influence. However, there are specific factors which indicate favorable prognostic for re-VET such as a longer time to failure of the first procedure, the finding of a closed/punctate stoma or the loss of flow artifact in the follow-up MRI.

Tratamiento neuroendoscópico de quistes aracnoideos en edad pediátrica. Resultados de una serie de 20 pacientes / Neuroendoscopic treatment of arachnoid cysts in the paediatric population. Series results for 20 patient

INTRODUCCIÓN: La neuroendoscopia se ha posicionado como un tratamiento eficaz y seguro en los quistes aracnoideos en la edad pediátrica. Realizamos una revisión de los pacientes pediátricos con quistes aracnoideos tratados mediante neuroendoscopia en nuestro servicio y analizamos los resultados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 20 pacientes intervenidos entre los años 2005 y 2018. Las variables recogidas son: género, edad, presentación clínica, localización del quiste, presencia de hidrocefalia o colecciones extraaxiales, maniobras endoscópicas realizadas y complicaciones. Se consideró éxito del procedimiento cuando se produjo mejoría de los síntomas y reducción del tamaño del quiste, manteniéndose esta situación hasta final de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: La serie consta de 13 varones y 7 mujeres (edad media: 64,6 meses; rango 4-172 meses). La localización más repetida fue supraselar/prepontina (7), seguida de intraventricular (6), después cuadrigeminales (3), interhemisféricos (2) y silvianos (2). Un 70% (14/20) de pacientes asociaba hidrocefalia en el momento del diagnóstico, elevándose hasta el 85% en quistes supraselares/prepontinos o el 100% en cuadrigeminales. Solo 4/14 pacientes precisaron un sistema de derivación ventriculoperitoneal (mediana de edad al diagnóstico: 12,5 meses). De estos 4, 3 desarrollaron un sobredrenaje valvular grave. Se consideró éxito del procedimiento en 12/20 pacientes (60%) de la serie. Diferenciando por localización: 4/7 en supraselares (57%), 1/3 en cuadrigeminales (33%), 4/6 en intraventriculares (66%), 2/2 en interhemisféricos (100%) y 1/2 en silvianos (50%). Por tanto, se registraron 8 fallos de tratamiento, con un tiempo medio hasta el fallo de 12,12 meses (rango: 0-45). De esos 8 pacientes, en 4 se realizó una nueva neuroendoscopia (éxito de 2/4), en 2 casos se optó por la colocación de derivación ventriculoperitoneal, en un caso por la colocación de derivación cistoperitoneal y en el restante se mantuvo una actitud conservadora. El seguimiento medio fue de 52,45 meses (rango 3-129 meses). CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento neuroendoscópico es efectivo y seguro en el tratamiento de los quistes aracnoideos en edad pediátrica, permitiendo además en muchos casos el control de la hidrocefalia asociada. El tipo de procedimiento neuroendoscópico y el porcentaje de éxito dependen de la localización del quiste. Se observa una tendencia de mayor dependencia valvular en pacientes de menor edad. En esos casos, sería recomendable la aplicación de medidas de prevención de sobredrenaje

INTRODUCTION: Neuroendoscopy has become an effective and safe treatment for arachnoid cysts in the paediatric population. We review the paediatric patients with arachnoid cysts treated by neuroendoscopy in our hospital and analyse the results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients operated on from 2005 to 2018. The variables assessed are: gender, age, clinical presentation, cyst site, presence of hydrocephalus and/or extra-axial collections, endoscopic procedures and complications. Procedure success is defined as an improvement in symptoms and reduction in cyst size until end of follow-up. RESULTS: Our series comprised 13 males and 7 females (mean age: 64.6 months, range: 4-172 months). The most frequent site was suprasellar-prepontine (7), followed by intraventricular (6), quadrigeminal (3), interhemispheric (2) and Sylvian (2). A total of 70% (14/20) of patients had hydrocephalus at diagnosis, which increased to 85% in suprasellar-prepontine cysts and 100% in quadrigeminal cysts. Only 4/14 patients with required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (median age at diagnosis: 12.5 months). Of these 4 patients, 3 developed severe shunt overdrainage. The procedure was successful in 60% (12/20) of the patients in the series. Success by location was 57% (4/7) in suprasellar cysts, 33% (1/3) in quadrigeminal cysts, 66% (4/6) in intraventricular cysts, 100% (2/2) in interhemispheric cysts and 50% (1/2) in Sylvian cysts. Treatment thus failed in 8 cases, with a mean time to failure of 12.12 months (range: 0-45 months). A new neuroendoscopic procedure was performed in 4 of these 8 cases (success in 2/4), a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed in 2 cases, a cystoperitoneal shunt was placed in 1 case and the remaining case was managed conservatively. Mean follow-up time was 52.45 months (range: 3-129 months). CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendoscopy is an effective and safe treatment for arachnoid cysts in paediatric patients that also enables managing associated hydrocephalus in most cases. The choice of neuroendoscopic procedure and success rate depend on cyst location. Younger patients have been found to have a higher shunt dependency rate. In these cases, measures to prevent shunt overdrainage are recommended

Neuroendoscopic treatment of arachnoid cysts in the paediatric population. Series results for 20 patients. / Tratamiento neuroendoscópico de quistes aracnoideos en edad pediátrica. Resultados de una serie de 20 pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Neuroendoscopy has become an effective and safe treatment for arachnoid cysts in the paediatric population. We review the paediatric patients with arachnoid cysts treated by neuroendoscopy in our hospital and analyse the results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients operated on from 2005 to 2018. The variables assessed are: gender, age, clinical presentation, cyst site, presence of hydrocephalus and/or extra-axial collections, endoscopic procedures and complications. Procedure success is defined as an improvement in symptoms and reduction in cyst size until end of follow-up. RESULTS: Our series comprised 13 males and 7 females (mean age: 64.6 months, range: 4-172 months). The most frequent site was suprasellar-prepontine (7), followed by intraventricular (6), quadrigeminal (3), interhemispheric (2) and Sylvian (2). A total of 70% (14/20) of patients had hydrocephalus at diagnosis, which increased to 85% in suprasellar-prepontine cysts and 100% in quadrigeminal cysts. Only 4/14 patients with required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (median age at diagnosis: 12.5 months). Of these 4 patients, 3 developed severe shunt overdrainage. The procedure was successful in 60% (12/20) of the patients in the series. Success by location was 57% (4/7) in suprasellar cysts, 33% (1/3) in quadrigeminal cysts, 66% (4/6) in intraventricular cysts, 100% (2/2) in interhemispheric cysts and 50% (1/2) in Sylvian cysts. Treatment thus failed in 8 cases, with a mean time to failure of 12.12 months (range: 0-45 months). A new neuroendoscopic procedure was performed in 4 of these 8 cases (success in 2/4), a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed in 2 cases, a cystoperitoneal shunt was placed in 1 case and the remaining case was managed conservatively. Mean follow-up time was 52.45 months (range: 3-129 months). CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendoscopy is an effective and safe treatment for arachnoid cysts in paediatric patients that also enables managing associated hydrocephalus in most cases. The choice of neuroendoscopic procedure and success rate depend on cyst location. Younger patients have been found to have a higher shunt dependency rate. In these cases, measures to prevent shunt overdrainage are recommended.